6 Redivision of the Habsburg lands (1564–1620).5.5.4.1 Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation (1517–1545).5.5.4 Austria in the Reformation and Counter-Reformation (1517–1564).5.5 Archduchy of Austria: Becoming a Great Power (1453–1564).

5.4.3 Albert III and Leopold III: A house divided (1365–1457).5.4.2 Rudolph IV and the Privilegium Maius (1358–1365).5.4 The establishment of the Habsburg dynasty: Duchy of Austria (1278–1453).5.3.2 Habsburg ascent and death of Ottokar (1273–1278).5.2.3.2 Frederick the Quarrelsome: Division of the land and end of a dynasty (1230–1246).5.2.3.1 Leopold the Virtuous and union with Styria (1177–1194).5.1 Early Middle Ages: Duchy of Bavaria (8th–10th centuries).4.8.2 Second phase: Slavs and Bavarii, 500–700 AD.Ten years after the Second World War Austria again became an independent republic as the Second Austrian Republic in 1955.Īustria joined the European Union in 1995. In 1938, Austrian-born Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich with the Anschluss, which was supported by a large majority of the Austrian people. Engelbert Dollfuss accepted that most Austrians were German and Austrian, but wanted Austria to remain independent from Germany. This led to the creation of the First Austrian Republic (1919-1933).įollowing the First Republic, Austrofascism tried to keep Austria independent from the German Reich. However, union with Germany and the chosen country name were forbidden by the Allies at the Treaty of Versailles. When this empire collapsed after the end of World War I in 1918, Austria was reduced to the main, mostly German-speaking areas of the empire (its current frontiers), and adopted the name The Republic of German-Austria. In 1867, Austria formed a dual monarchy with Hungary: the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918). In 1806, when Emperor Francis II of Austria dissolved the Holy Roman Empire, Austria became the Austrian Empire, and was also part of the German Confederation until the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The name Ostarrîchi (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962–1806).Īustria was dominated by the House of Habsburg and House of Habsburg-Lorraine ( Haus Österreich) from 1273 to 1918. The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the Early Stone Age to the present state.

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